
In Relevant History, solo podcaster Dan Toler examines the trends and ideas that shape our modern world. The second season covers the conflict between nationalism and globalism in the first half of the twentieth century. Major events include the World Wars, the Russian Revolution, the Spanish Civil War, the collapse of the great European empires, and the rise of the United States as the center of global finance.
Episodes

Aug 3, 2021
Aug 3, 2021
1 hr 15 min
At the dawn of the 14th century, Anatolia is divided between a handful of semi-independent governors under the nominal leadership of the Sultanate of Rum. By 1444, Ottoman troops had defeated a major European coalition at the Battle of Varna, securing a transcontinental empire. This is the story of the rise of the Ottoman Empire, a Mediterranean juggernaut that would stand for four and a half centuries.
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Music credit: Sergey Cheremisinov - Black Swan

Jul 27, 2021
Jul 27, 2021
1 hr 10 min
Dan returns from an unplanned hiatus to discuss one of history’s darker episodes: the depopulation of the Middle East in the 13th and 14th centuries. First Mongol hordes, then the Black Death ravage the region, eviscerating Islam’s Arabic cultural heartland. This one-two punch leaves an opening for a rising power: the Ottoman Empire.
Dan’s appearance on The Salad Tossers (NSFW): The Great Debate
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Music credit: Sergey Cheremisinov - Black Swan

Jun 29, 2021
Jun 29, 2021
1 hr 12 min
Following the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the Delhi Sultanate is shrunken, weakened, and nearly bankrupt. He is succeeded by his cousin, Firuz Shah, who doesn’t even want his job. But even as Firuz Shah and his descendants rebuild the Sultanate, a new threat is gathering on the horizon: the Timurid Empire, led by the legendary general Tamerlane.
Will the Delhi Sultanate withstand the Timurid horde? And will it stand against the tide of Mughal invaders that comes next? Witness the dramatic fall of the Delhi Sultanate, through the eyes of Tamerlane and his descendants. One of these descendants, Babur, will found a new empire: the Mughal Empire, that will rule India for generations.
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Music credit: Sergey Cheremisinov - Black Swan

Jun 22, 2021
Jun 22, 2021
1 hr 31 min
The Delhi Sultanate is a land of intrigue, ethnic conflict, and high art. Which one of these things is most important depends on your point of view, and on who the Sultan is at the moment.
Enter an era where anything can happen. Great kings and Sultans rule over millions, and hold their fate in their hands. With great wisdom comes great prosperity. But Mongol attacks and civil conflict pose a constant threat to this multi-ethnic empire. Can the Delhi Sultanate survive the age of the Mongols, and the chaos the famous horse-warriors bring to Asia?
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Music credit: Sergey Cheremisinov - Black Swan

Jun 15, 2021
Jun 15, 2021
30 min
We interrupt your regularly-scheduled program to give you something you didn’t ask for, and probably didn’t want: my thoughts on conspiracy theories throughout the ages. Sorry. My computer crashed, and I lost all my notes.
Part 2 of Crossroads of Civilization will be arriving as expected next week. In the meantime, enjoy my thoughts on the Cataline Conspiracy, the Knights Templar, the Nazis, and the Kennedy Assassination.
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Music credit: Sergey Cheremisinov - Black Swan

Jun 8, 2021
Jun 8, 2021
1 hr 5 min
The story of India is the story of humanity itself. From the first humans to leave Africa to Alexander the Great and the Emperor Chandragupta, some of history’s greatest events have happened here. But how did India go from the cradle of civilization to a subcontinent divided between Muslims and Hindus? To understand why, we need to start from the beginning.
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Official website: https://bit.ly/3btvha4
Music credit: Sergey Cheremisinov - Black Swan

May 25, 2021
May 25, 2021
1 hr 5 min
During the Fourth Crusade, what began as a Christian holy war against Egypt turned into a Venetian war of conquest against the ancient Byzantine Empire. The conquest, in turn, began as what amounted to a hostile business takeover; but it would turn into something far more sinister. By the time the fires of the sack of Constantinople had cooled, the Crusaders had achieved a remarkable feat: the seemingly-permanent cleaving of eastern and western Christianity.
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Music credit: Sergey Cheremisinov - Black Swan

May 18, 2021
May 18, 2021
1 hr 4 min
The divide between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox churches is one of the most enduring in the history of religion. What began as a theological dispute came to encompass culture and politics as much as anything else. But what solidified the divide was the sack of Constantinople by a crusader army under the leadership of one of history’s most controversial figures: Doge Enrico Dandolo of Venice.
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Official website: https://bit.ly/3btvha4
Music credit: Sergey Cheremisinov - Black Swan

May 11, 2021
May 11, 2021
1 hr 10 min
Can a bad leader, even a bad person, ever truly deserve credit for a valuable achievement? Today, we’ll discuss King John, commonly considered the worst leader in the history of the British monarchy. His reign consisted of a series of failures… along with the signing of a little document called the Magna Carta. Was he England’s worst king? And does he deserve any credit for his few achievements? You be the judge.
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Music courtesy of https://www.bensound.com

May 4, 2021
May 4, 2021
46 min
On the way home from the Third Crusade, King Richard I is kidnapped and held for ransom by political rivals. After the damage done by the rebellious Prince John and French King Phillip, Richard will spend the rest of his life reuniting his kingdom. In the fourth part of his series on Richard the Lionheart, Dan brings the story to a fitting conclusion.
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